G.I. Joe: America's movable fighting man

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Our company is specialized in manufacturing various kinds of stainless steel hip flask, vacuum flask, beer mug, travel mug, electric hot travel mug, telescopic cup, cani This page is about the first series (and 40th ann. reproductions) in the G.I. Joe toy line. For the toy line in general, see G.I. Joe. 1960s G.I. Joe action figureContents1 G.I. Joe: America's movable fighting man (1964-69) 1.1 Head variations 1.2 Basic figure 1.3 Trademarks and Copyrights 1.4 Packaging 1.5 Wooden footlocker 1.6 Outfit and accessory items 1.7 Vehicles 2 G.I. Joe: 40th Anniversary reproductions 2.1 Packaging 2.2 Figures 3 References 3.1 Links 3.2 External links // G.I. Joe: America's movable fighting man (1964-69)The Hassenfeld Brothers (Hasbro) of Pawtucket, Rhode Island, began selling the first "action figure" targeted especially at boys in the early 1960s. The conventional marketing wisdom of the early 1960s was that boys would not play with dolls, thus the word 'Doll' was never used by Hasbro or anyone involved in the development or marketing of G.I. Joe. "Action figure" was the only acceptable term and has since become the generic description for any posable doll intended for boys. 'America's movable fighting man' is a registered trademark of Hasbro, and was prominently displayed on every boxed figure package.The driving force behind the concept was Don Levine, who in 1963 was creative director of Hasbro Toys. Stan Weston of Weston Merchandising Corp., a product development company, approached him with the idea of a military-based toy line that would include figures and many accessories. Stan Weston credits Larry Reiner, then head of the games division at Ideal Toys, with the notion of an articulated figure, based on conversations he had with Mr. Reiner regarding the concept. Sam Speers, then of Hasbro's product development team, is primarily credited with the specific almost 12" tall articulated figure design as produced by Hasbro; his name appears on the patent# 3,277,602 "Toy figure having movable joints", assigned on October 11, 1966. The all-important packaging graphics were sub-contracted to Thresher and Petrucci Art Studio, a company based nearby that had previously produced freelance work for Hasbro.The Hasbro prototypes were originally named "Rocky" (marine/soldier) "Skip" (sailor) and "Ace" (pilot), before the more universal name G.I. Joe was adopted. The initial product offering featured members of the four branches of the armed forces as follows; Action Soldier, Action Sailor, Action Pilot and Action Marine, with accessory sets immediately available for each branch. It was correctly assumed that competitors would try to emulate or outright copy the concept, so the idea was to offer a broad range of accessory items from the very start.The ongoing situation in Vietnam, and the growing anti-war sentiment of the late sixties signaled the end of the early years of G.I. Joe; by 1969, He was no longer a soldier/sailor/pilot/marine, but rather an Adventurer; he was marketed under the "Adventures of G.I. Joe, and the line consisted of Adventurer, black Adventurer, Aquanaut, and Talking Astronaut. Instead of military sets, the mostly recycled materials from earlier years were given names such as "Fight for Survival" "Danger of the Depths". "Mysterious Explosion", "Secret Mission to Spy Island" and "Mouth of Doom". Everything would change the following year, as G.I. Joe received lifelike hair and beards, courtesy of Hasbro's U.K. licensee; Palitoy. See G.I. Joe Adventure Team for more information on the later series of G.I. Joe.For more in-depth information and specifics, please refer to the books listed in the reference sectionHead variationsFour hair colors were offered in 1964; Blonde, Auburn (Red), Brown and Black. Eye colors were specifically matched to hair colors; Blonde and Auburn hair came with brown eyes, Black and Brown hair came with blue eyes. In 1965 an American-ethnic version of the basic soldier was offered; it was simply a caucasian feature figure molded in brown vinyl instead of the pink used otherwise. Some very early issue figures appear to have eyeliner, and these heads seem more prone to shrinkage than later variants. In 1966, a European "foreign" and Japanese head version was released, with the advent of the 6 "Action Soldiers of the World' releases. In 1967, talking variants were also released. Late Black, Red, Blonde and Brown talker heads were of a softer vinyl, essentially the same as those used for flocking in the Adventurer series introduced in 1970.Basic figureThe figure was loosely based on the artist's mannequins still available today; the basic figure had multiple points of articulation, previously not found in any children's toy. The advertising claimed "21 points of articulation", however, if one actually counts each individual pivot contact point, there are 19; head-to-neck, neck-to-torso, shoulder-to-torso (2), biceps-to-shoulder (2), elbow...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about mini toy cars, home ice makers, . The Electric Travel Mug ,Heating Travel Mug ,Heated Travel Mug products should be show more here!

Deep drawing

I want to introduct something about DEMEX HRC Fuse Links & Bases. DEMEX HRC Fuse Links & Bases has NT00C Fuse Links,NT00 Fuse Links,NT1 Fuse Links,NT2 Fuse Links,NT3 Fuse Links,DM00C Fuse Base,DM1-3 Fuse Base,10*38 Modular Fuse Carriers,10*38 Fuse Links,E-16 Fuse Links,E-27 Fuse Links,E-33 Fuse Links is gL-gG ?00V More Products from this Supplier DEMEX 22mm Control Switches & 16mm Control Switche (Redirected from Deep Drawing)Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch. It is thus a shape transformation process with material retention. The flange region (sheet metal in the die shoulder area) experiences a radial drawing stress and a tangential compressive stress due to the material retention property. These compressive stresses (hoop stresses) result in flange wrinkles (wrinkles of the first order). Wrinkles can be prevented by using a blank holder, the function of which is to facilitate controlled material flow into the die radius.Contents1 Process 2 Variations 2.1 Workpiece Materials and Power Requirements 2.1.1 Drawing force(lbs) 2.1.2 Tool Materials 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Bibliography // ProcessThe total drawing load consists of the ideal forming load and an additional component to compensate for friction in the contacting areas of the flange region and bending forces at the die radius. The forming load is transferred from the punch radius through the drawn part wall into the deformation region (sheet metal flange). Due to tensile forces acting in the part wall, wall thinning is prominent and results in an uneven part wall thickness. It can be observed that the part wall thickness is lowest at the point where the part wall loses contact with the punch, i.e. at the punch radius. The thinnest part thickness determines the maximum stress that can be transferred to the deformation zone. Due to material volume constancy, the flange thickens and results in blank holder contact at the outer boundary rather than on the entire surface. The maximum stress that can be safely transferred from the punch to the blank sets a limit on the maximum blank size (initial blank diameter in the case of rotationally symmetrical blanks). An indicator of material formability is the limiting drawing ratio (LDR), defined as the ratio of the maximum blank diameter that can be safely drawn into a cup without flange to the punch diameter. Determination of the LDR for complex components is difficult and hence the part is inspected for critical areas for which an approximation is possible.Commercial applications of this metal shaping process often involve complex geometries with straight sides and radii. In such a case, the term stamping is used in order to distinguish between the deep drawing (radial tension-tangential compression) and stretch-and-bend (along the straight sides) components.VariationsDeep drawing has been classified into conventional and unconventional deep drawing. The main aim of any unconventional deep drawing process is to extend the formability limits of the process. Some of the unconventional processes include hydromechanical deep drawing, Hydroform process, Aquadraw process, Guerin process, Marform process and the hydraulic deep drawing process to name a few.The Marform process, for example, operates using the principle of rubber pad forming techniques. Deep-recessed parts with e,ither vertical or slopped walls can be formed. In this type of forming, the die rig employs a rubber pad as one tool half and a solid tool half, similar to the die in a conventional die set, to form a component into its final shape. Dies are made of cast light alloys and the rubber pad is 1.5-2 times thicker than the component to be formed. For Marforming, single-action presses are equipped with die cushions and blank holders. The blank is held against the rubber pad by a blank holder, through which a punch is acting as in conventional deep drawing. It is a double-acting apparatus: at first the ram slides down, then the blank holder moves: this feature allows it to perform deep drawings (30-40% transverse dimension) with no wrinkles.Industrial uses of deep drawing processes include automotive body and structural parts, aircraft components, utensils and white goods. Complex parts are normally formed using progressive dies in a single forming press or by using a press line.Workpiece Materials and Power RequirementsSofter matierials are much easier to deform and therefore require less force to draw. The following is a table demontstrating the Draw force (lbs) to percent reduction of commonly used materials.Drawing force(lbs)Percent Reduction39%43%47%50%=Material=Aluminum19,80022,60025,40028,300Brass26,40030,20034,00037,700Cold-Rolled steel28,60032,70036,80040,800Stainless steel37,40042,70048,10053,400Tool MaterialsPunches and Dies are typically made of tool steel, however carbon steel is cheaper, but not as hard and is therefore used in less severe...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about komatsu cylinder block, water meter flange, . The DEMEX HRC Fuse Links & Bases products should be show more here!

Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit

I want to introduct something about Sinistar: Unleashed (Rare PC Game-Jc). Model Number: XS28035 A game for the next millennium Product Information Sinistar? Unleashed blasts you into a hostile universefraught with danger. A space dwelling species of supreme evil is on theverge of creating the ultimate bio-mechanical weapon: the Sinistar. Whenthey succeed, they will invade our universe, annihilating humanity andall other life. You must destroy these evil beings before they embark ontheir malevolent crusade. But time grows short... You must fight your wayto the center of the Sinistar cosmos. You pilot the best humanity can build: a living, sentient ship of awesome power and potential. Hyper-aggressive enemy warriors swarm on each level of the Sinistaruniverse. On most levels, they build a portal, stoking it with Sinisitecrystals to jump the Sinistar into our universe. As you battle through each level, you must gather the crystals thatpower your destructive ITKDeveloped byInsight Software ConsortiumLatest release3.10.1 / December 8, 2008Written inC++OSCross-platformAvailable inC++, Tcl, Python, JavaTypeDevelopment LibraryLicenseBSD Like,BSDWebsitehttp://www.itk.orgFree software portalITK is a cross-platform application development framework, widely used for the development of image segmentation and image registration programs.ITK was developed with funding from the National Library of Medicine (U.S.) as an open resource of algorithms for analyzing the images of the Visible Human Project. ITK stands for The Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit. The toolkit provides leading-edge segmentation and registration algorithms in two, three, and more dimensions. The software is implemented in C++ and it is wrapped for Tcl, Python and Java.Contents1 Introduction 1.1 Origins 1.2 Technical Details 1.3 Developers and Contributors 1.4 Funding 1.5 Community Participation 1.6 Copyright and License 2 Technical Summary 2.1 Architecture 2.2 Implementation Philosophy 2.3 Build Environment 3 Examples 3.1 Hello World 3.2 Region Growing Segmentation 4 Additional information 4.1 Resources 4.2 Applications 4.3 Data 4.4 Contacts 5 References // IntroductionOriginsIn 1999 the US National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health awarded a three-year contract to develop an open-source registration and segmentation toolkit, which eventually came to be known as the Insight Toolkit (ITK). ITK's NLM Project Manager was Dr. Terry Yoo, who coordinated the six prime contractors who made up the Insight Software Consortium. These consortium members included the three commercial partners GE Corporate R&D, Kitware, Inc., and MathSoft (the company name is now Insightful); and the three academic partners University of North Carolina (UNC), University of Tennessee (UT), and University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). The Principle Investigators for these partners were, respectively, Bill Lorensen with Jim Miller at GE CRD, Will Schroeder at Kitware, Vikram Chalana with Lydia Ng at Insightful, Stephen Aylward with Luis Ibanez at UNC (both now at Kitware), Ross Whitaker with Josh Cates at UT (both now at Utah), and Dimitri Metaxas at UPenn. In addition, several subcontractors rounded out the consortium including Peter Raitu at Brigham & Women's Hospital, Celina Imielinska and Pat Molholt at Columbia University, Jim Gee at UPenn's Grasp Lab, and George Stetten at University of Pittsburgh. Who are the developers? The best way to determine the names of developers is to view the CVS source code repository logs. Most of the early developers are listed in the following, however, many developers beyond those listed here will participate in the development of ITK as the code grows and becomes publicly accessible.Technical DetailsITK is an open-source software toolkit for performing registration and segmentation. Segmentation is the process of identifying and classifying data found in a digitally sampled representation. Typically the sampled representation is an image acquired from such medical instrumentation as CT or MRI scanners. Registration is the task of aligning or developing correspondences between data. For example, in the medical environment, a CT scan may be aligned with a MRI scan in order to combine the information contained in both.ITK is implemented in C++. ITK is cross-platform, using the CMake build environment to manage the compilation process. In addition, an automated wrapping process generates interfaces between C++ and interpreted programming languages such as Tcl, Java, and Python (using CableSwig). This enables developers to create software using a variety of programming languages. ITK's C++ implementation style is referred to as generic programming (i.e., using templated code). Such C++ templating means that the code is highly efficient, and that many software problems are discovered at compile-time, rather than at run-time during program execution.Because ITK is an open-source project, developers from around the world can use, debug, maintain, and extend the software. ITK uses a model of software development referred to as extreme programming. Extreme programming collapses the usual software creation methodology into a simultaneous and iterative process of design-implement-test-release. The key features of extreme programming are communication and testing. Communication among the members of the ITK community is what helps manage the rapid evolution of the software. Testing is what keeps the software stable. In ITK, an extensive testing process (using CDash) is in place that measures the quality on a daily basis. The ITK...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about sweater sets, Hot Melt Gun, . The Sinistar: Unleashed (Rare PC Game-Jc) products should be show more here!

John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band

I want to introduct something about King PIN Kits(KP222). Features: 1. Material: 45# steel 2. King Pin Size: 252x50 3. Bush Size: 50x62x30/45 4. OEM Number: 1-87830039-0 5. Can develop according to customer' John Lennon/Plastic Ono BandStudio album by John Lennon with the Plastic Ono BandReleased11 December 1970Recorded26 September - 23 October 1970, Abbey Road Studios & Ascot Sound StudiosGenreRockLength39:45LabelApple/EMIProducerJohn Lennon, Yoko Ono & Phil SpectorProfessional reviewsAllmusic link Rolling Stone link John Lennon chronologyLive Peace in Toronto 1969(1969)John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band(1970)Imagine(1971)John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band is the debut solo album by English rock musician John Lennon. It was released in 1970 after Lennon issued three experimental albums with Yoko Ono and Live Peace In Toronto 1969, a live performance in Toronto credited to The Plastic Ono Band. The album was recorded simultaneously with Yoko Ono's debut avant garde solo album Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios using the same musicians and production team, and featured nearly identical cover artwork. John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band is generally considered one of Lennon's finest solo albums and a landmark recording. It was ranked #22 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list by Rolling Stone in 2003, the highest ranking solo album by any of the four Beatles.Contents1 History 2 Album artwork 3 Reception 4 Trivia 5 Track listing 5.1 Side one 5.2 Side two 5.3 2000 reissue bonus tracks 6 Personnel 7 References // HistoryThe "Plastic Ono Band" in the album's title refers to the conceptual band Lennon and Ono had formed in 1969 of various supporting musicians they would use on their various solo albums.After The Beatles' break-up in April 1970, both Lennon and Ono undertook Primal therapy with the guidance of Arthur Janov for four months in Los Angeles. Forced to confront the traumas of his childhood (abandonment, isolation and death), Lennon finally let his submerged anger and hurt rise to the surface and dealt with it through his art. Similarly, Ono's concurrently-recorded album, Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band was a form of catharsis for her.Returning to England that September, Lennon and Ono called upon Phil Spector, who had produced Lennon's hit "Instant Karma!" earlier that year, to co-produce both their albums with them at Abbey Road Studios. Ringo Starr played drums, while Klaus Voormann, an old pal of The Beatles from Germany and a former member of Manfred Mann played bass. Billy Preston, who had already worked with The Beatles, supplied piano for "God." Lennon himself performed all guitar duties, playing most of the piano as well. The music itself was kept very basic and direct in arrangement.Throughout the album, Lennon touches upon many issues: the abandonment of his parents in "Mother"; the castigation of class issues in "Working Class Hero" (one of the first pop songs to feature the word "fuck"); a reminder that despite his rage and pain, Lennon still embraces "Love"; and "God", a renouncement of external saviours, including, famously, the Beatles. Here Lennon states that he believes only in himself, and his wife Yoko.In 2000, Yoko Ono supervised a remixing of John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band for its remastered CD reissue, including two bonus tracks: Lennon's 1971 hit "Power To The People" and "Do The Oz," which had appeared on the 1998 box set John Lennon Anthology. In 2003, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab reissued the album in 24 karat Gold CD audio and 180 gram 1/2 speed mastered GAIN 2 Ultra Analog in vinyl reissues.Album artworkThe album's cover is almost identical to Ono's companion piece Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Bandhe difference being that on Ono's cover, she is lying on Lennon's body. The photo was snapped with a consumer-grade Instamatic camera by actor Daniel Richter who worked as an assistant for the Lennons at the time. The initial compact disc issue of the album listed the title and artist, while the 2000 remastered version restores the original artwork. In addition, the original LP did not feature a track listing on the back. Instead, the back cover showed what appears to be a school photo of Lennon in his youth (circa 1946).ReceptionJohn Lennon/Plastic Ono Band was received with high critical praise upon release. Critic Greil Marcus remarked, "John's singing in the last verse of 'God' may be the finest in all of rock." In early 1971, the album reached #8 in the UK and went to #6 in the US, spending eighteen weeks in the top 100.In 2000 Q magazine placed John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band at number 62 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever. In 1987, it was ranked #4 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 best albums of the period 1967-1987, and in 2003, it was placed at #22 in their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.In 2006,...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about Cookware Non Stick, basket bath gift, . The King PIN Kits(KP222) products should be show more here!

Die head

I want to introduct something about Hand Crimping Tools (HS-30J). Place of Origin: China Brand Name: ANDELI Model No: HS-30J Terms of Payment: T/T, L/C Delivery Lead Time: 30 days Hand crimping tools (Europe): New generation of energy saving crimping pliers, Coax crimping tools/ Pliers Available with the models below: HS-30J For surge connectors, HS-10 For non-insulated cable links, HS-04WF for wire-end ferrules, HS-101 for non-insulated cable links, HS-03B For non-insulated plugs connectors 4.8+6. Mm and other types. Comparison: 1. The opponent of ratchet crimping tools is made of special steel. 2. The structure design meet human bing engineering. When crimping cable lug, it can save 50% energy. 3. The design of accurate crimping moulds and complete locking (self locking and releasing mechanic unit) ensure high of crimping quality when crimping repeatedly. 4. Accurate adjustment has been made bef A die head is a threading die that is used in the high volume production of threaded components.Die HeadDie Head with various chasersDie heads are commonly used on lathes, turret lathes, screw machines and CNC lathes. They may be used for either cutting a thread or rolling a thread. They may also be used for internal or external thread cutting.In operation, there are usually four moveable chasers that cut the thread then back away from the work to permit rapid removal of the tool. The lower picture at the right shows four sets of chasers. Each set of chasers is designed to cut a different thread. One set of chasers would be used at a time, each chaser is inserted into the die head (in the correct order) and the die head is closed bringing the chasers down to their cutting position. When sufficient length of thread has been cut the die head will open allowing for rapid retraction of the head without interference with the newly formed thread.With most die heads, all that is needed to open the chasers is a reverse load. Simply withdrawing the die head is all that is needed to open it.The die head shown cuts an outside thread. There are also collapsible die heads that are used to cut an internal thread.Die Head for Thread RollingThe bottom picture shows a Die Head used for Thread Rolling. A Rolled Thread may have greater strength than a cut thread, though it usually requires more energy to roll a thread than cut one.v?d?e Metalworking - Drilling and threadingDrillingand threadingDie head Drill Drill bit Drill bit shank Drill bit sizes Drill and tap size chart Drilling Jig borer Pin chuck Screw thread Tap and die Tap wrenchMetalworking topicsCasting CNC Cutting tools Drilling and threading Fabrication Forging Grinding Jewellery Lathe Machining Machine tools and associated tooling Measuring Metalworking Hand tools Metallurgy Milling NC Occupations Press tools Pipe and tube bending Smithing Turning General terminology WeldingCategories: Drilling and threading(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about mini pliers, Car Conversion Kit, . The Hand Crimping Tools (HS-30J) products should be show more here!

Level luffing crane

I want to introduct something about AVL & PBL Products. We can supply all kinds of AVL tubes & PBL tubes,and we also supply AVL film & PBL fil A level luffing crane is a crane mechanism where the hook remains at the same level whilst luffing; moving the jib up and down, so as to move the hook inwards and outwards relative to the base.Some types of crane are inherently level luffing: those with a fixed horizontal jib, such as gantry, hammerhead or the fixed-jib tower cranes commonly used in construction. Usually though, the description is only applied to those with a luffing jib that have some additional mechanism applied to keep the hook level when luffing.Level luffing is most important when careful movement of a load near ground level is required, such as in construction or shipbuilding. This partially explains the popularity of fixed horizontal jibs in these fields.Contents1 Toplis cable luffing 2 Horse-head jibs 3 Powered level luffing 4 Luffing cabs 5 Meccano models 6 References // Toplis cable luffingStothert & Pitt crane with Toplis gearAn early form of level luffing gear was the "Toplis" design, invented by a Stothert & Pitt engineer in 1914. This is also a purely mechanical linkage, arranged by the reeving of the hoist cables to the jib over pulleys at the crane's apex above the cab, so that luffing the jib upwards allows more free cable and lowers the hook to compensate.Horse-head jibsHorse-head designThe usual mechanism for level luffing in modern cranes is to add an additional "horse head" section to the top of the jib. By careful design of the geometry, this keeps level merely by the linked action of the pivots.Powered level luffingAs cranes and their control systems became more sophisticated, it became possible to control the level of luffing directly, by winching the hoist cable in and out as needed. The first of these systems used mechanical clutches between luffing and hoist drums, giving simplicity and a "near level" result.Later systems have used modern electronic controls and quickly reversible motors with good slow-speed control to the hoist winch motors, so as to give a positioning accuracy of inches. Some early systems used controllable hydraulic gearboxes to achieve the same result, but these added complexity and cost and so were only popular where hgih accuracy was needed, such as for shipbuilding.Luffing cabsLuffing mechanisms have also been applied to the driver's cab being mounted on its own jib, following the movement of the crane's main jib These are used for tasks such as ship unloading, where the view from the driver's cab is greatly improved by cantilevering it forwards and over the ship.Meccano modelsCranes have long been a popular subject for Meccano models, and luffing cranes are no exception. References^ "Level luffing crans" (pdf). Konecranes. http://www.konecranes.com/attachments/brochures/level_luffing_low.pdf. ^ "Dockside crane: Stothert and Pitt's DD2". Design 1968 Journal. 1968. http://vads.ahds.ac.uk/diad/article.php?year=1968&title=233&article=d.233.47. ^ a b "Toplis level luffing crane". http://www.btinternet.com/~a.esplen/models/pic12.htm. ^ Molian, Samuel (1982). Mechanism Design: An Introductory Text. CUP. p.p61. ISBN 0521231930. ^ Convertible level luffing crane USpatent3685668 ^ Double link level luffing crane USpatent4606469 ^ Joseph N. Attard. "Level luffing crane model". http://www.patbelford.com/toys/library/level-luffing-crane/index.html. ^ "Level Luffing Port Crane" (pdf). South East London Meccano club. http://www.selmec.org.uk/Downloads/article_0008_level_luffing_port_crane.pdf. v?d?eTypes of CranesContainer crane Crane vessel Gantry crane Level luffing crane Sidelift Straddle carrier Tow truckCategories: Cranes Mechanical engineering stubs(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about power factor meter, military webbing, . The AVL & PBL Products products should be show more here!

Christmas in Poland

I want to introduct something about Sell Handmade Oil Paintings and Frames. We are one of the strongest oil painting suppliers in China. Our oil painting reproductions of old masters are shipped to almost every corner of the world. With skilled and experienced artists, the oil paintings are satisfying our customers. The excellent oil painting supervision team can make you fully confident in our product. Many of the oil painting artists have 10-20 years full time working e we can supply Sell Handmade Oil Paintings and Frames Here are brief introduction of our company: We are one of the strongest oil painting suppliers in China. Our oil painting reproductions of old masters are shipped to almost every corner of the world. With skilled and experienced artists, the oil paintings are satisfying our customers. The excellent oil painting supervision team can make you fully confident in our product. Many of the oil painting artists have 10-20 years full time worki (Redirected from Polish Christmas traditions)It does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve it by citing reliable sources. Tagged since May 2007.It may contain original research or unverifiable claims. Tagged since December 2008.It may require general cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Tagged since October 2006.In Poland, Christmas Eve is a day first of fasting, then of feasting. The feast begins with the appearance of the first star; there is no meat in the feast, and it is followed by the exchange of gifts.The following day is often spent visiting friends. In Polish tradition, people combine religion and family closeness at Christmas time. Although gift giving plays a major role in the rituals, emphasis is placed more on making special foods and decorations.Special tasks carried out during Advent are the baking of the Christmas piernik (gingerbread), and the making of Christmas decorations. Pierniki are made in a variety of shapes, including hearts, animals and St. Nicholas figures. Traditional decorations include the pajaki, which are handmade stars and decorated eggshells.Lit Christmas trees are placed in most public areas, outside churches and in homes. Traditionally the trees are decorated with shiny apples, walnuts, wrapped chocolate shapes, hand blown glass baubles, and many homemade ornaments and candles. On the top of the tree is a star or a glittering top piece. In many homes, sparklers are hung on the branches of the trees for ambiance. Sometimes the trees are left standing until February 2, the feast day of St. Mary of the Candle of Lightning.During Advent, the "Gwiazdory" or star carriers, wander through the towns and villages and this continues until Epiphany. Some of the Gwiazdory sing carols; others recite verses or put on "Szopki" (puppet shows), or "herody" (nativity scenes). The last two customs are developments from traditional manger scenes or "Jaselka" (crib). One tradition unique to Poland is the sharing of the "op?atek", a thin wafer into which is pressed a holy picture. People once carried these op?atki from house to house wishing their neighbors a Merry Christmas. Nowadays, the bread is mostly shared with members of the family and immediate neighbors. As each person shares pieces of the wafer with another person, they are supposed to forgive any hurts that have occurred over the past year and to wish the other person all the happiness in the coming year.On Christmas Eve, so important is the first star of the night that it has been given the affectionate name of "little star" or Gwiazdka, in remembrance of the Star of Bethlehem. On that night, all watch the sky anxiously, hoping to be the first to cry out, "The star!" The moment the star appears, people start eating. Families unite for the most carefully planned meal of the year, Wigilia, the Christmas supper. The Wigilia derives its name from the Latin word vigilare, which means "to watch" or keep vigil.According to tradition, bits of hay are spread beneath the tablecloth as a reminder that Christ was born in a manger. An even number of people must be seated around the table or, tradition states, someone may die in the coming year. Wigilia is a family feast. In some places an empty place setting is symbolically left at the table for the Baby Jesus or for a wanderer who may be in need, or if a deceased relative should come and would like to share in the meal. The meal begins with the breaking of the op?atek. Everyone at the table breaks off a piece and eats it as a symbol of their unity with Christ. They then share a piece with each family member giving good wishes for the following year. There should be twelve dishes, as a symbol of the Twelve Apostles, or an odd number of dishes for good luck (usually five, seven, or nine). Poppy seed cake, beet soup, prune dumplings, carp, herring and noodles with poppy seed are universal Polish Christmas foods. Traditionally, there is no meat eaten on Christmas Eve. Often there is compote of dry fruits. The remainder of the evening is given to stories and songs around the Christmas tree. In some areas of the country, children are taught that "The Little Star" brings the gifts. As presents are wrapped, carolers may walk from house to house, receiving treats along the way.See alsoB si? rodzi Krak szopka Wigilia the Christmas Eve vigil supper Christmas worldwide External linksChristmas in Poland - Polish Tradition Polish Christmas. How to celebrate Christmas in Poland v?d?eChristmasMainChristmas Eve Christmas Day History The Nativity Bringers of gifts Decorations Economics CustomsChristianityNativity of Jesus Nativity of Jesus in art Nativity scene Nativity of Jesus in later culture Jesus Christ Mary Joseph Angel Gabriel Adoration of the Shepherds Three Wise Men Star of...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about Gum Paste Flowers, Chair Seat Cushions, . The Sell Handmade Oil Paintings and Frames products should be show more here!